Water Soluble Vitamins PDF Print E-mail
The Role of Vitamins & Minerals
Water Soluble Vitamins
 
Water soluble vitamins are not stored in the body and must be consumed daily (see Table below)
 
 
Vitamin Source Needed For Deficiency

Vitamin B1 Thiamine

Men: 0.8 - 1.3mg Women: 0.8mg

 

Sunflower Seeds, pork, whole & enriched grains, dried beans

 

 

Necessary for carbohydrate metabolism & muscle coordination. Promotes proper nerve function

 

Deficiency: Anxiety, hysteria, depression, muscle cramps, loss of appetite. In extreme cases Beriberi (mostly in alcoholics)

 

Riboflavin Vitamin B12

Men: 1.3 - 1.6mg

Women: 1.1mg

 

 

Liver, milk, spinach, enriched noodles, mushrooms

 

 

 

Needed for metabolism of all foods & the release of energy to cells. Essential to the functioning of Vitamin B6 & Niacin

 

Deficiency: Cracks & sores around the mouth & nose. Visualproblems

 

 

 

 

Vitamin B5 Pantothenic Acid

Men: 2.5mg
Women: 2.5mg

Abundant in animal tissues, whole grain cereals & legumes

 

Converts food to molecular forms. Needed to make adrenal hormones.

 

Deficiency: Unclear in humans

 

 

 

Niacin Vitamin B3

Men: 16 – 23mg
Women: 14 – 16 mg (converted to niacinamide in the body)



Mushrooms, bran, tuna, chicken, beef, peanuts & enriched grains

 

 

 

Needed in many enzymes that convert food to energy. Helps maintain a healthy digestive tract & nervous system. In very large doses lowers cholesterol.

 

Deficiency: In extreme cases, Pellagra (dermatitis, diarrhea & sores).

 

 

 

 

Vitamin B6 Peridoxine 

Men: 1.8mg

Women: 1.5mg

 

 

 

Animal protein foods, spinach, broccoli, bananas

 

 

Needed for protein metabolism & absorption, carbohydrate metabolism. Helps form red blood cells. Promotes nerve & brain function.

Deficiency: Anemia, irritability, patches of itchy, scaly skin & convulsions.

 

 

 

Vitamin B12 Cyanocobalamin

Men: 2 mcg Women: 2 mcg

 

Found almost exclusively in animal products

 

Builds genetic material. Helps form red blood cells

 

Deficiency: Pernicious anemia & nerve damage



Biotin

Men:60 mcg

Women: 60 mcg

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cheese, egg, yolk, cauliflower, peanut butter

 

 

 

 

 

Needed for  metabolism of glucose & formation of certain fatty acids. Essential for proper body chemistry

 

 

 

Deficiency: Seborrheic dermatitis in infants. Rare in adults, but can be induced by eating large amounts of egg whites. Also causes anorexia, nausea, vomiting & dry scaly skin.

 

 

Folic Acid

Men: 180 - 220 mg

Women: 160 - 190 mg

 

 

 

Green leafy vegetables, orange juice, organ meats & sprouts

 

 

Essential for the manufacture of genetic material as well as protein metabolism & red blood cell formation

 

Deficiency: Impaired cell division, anemia, diarrhea, gastrointestinal upsets.

 

 

 

Vitamin C   Ascorbic Acid

Men:40 mg

Women: 30 mg

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Citrus fruits, strawberries, broccoli & green peppers

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Antioxidant. Helps bind cells together & strengthens blood vessel walls. Helps maintain healthy gums. Aids in the absorption of iron.

 

 

 

 

Deficiency: Muscle weakness. bleeding gums, easy bruising. In extreme cases, scurvy.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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