Glucose

• Glucose is readily available in our diets.
• It is converted from white sugar, fructose, and starchy foods.
• In most cases, glucose is over-supplied in the form of cane sugar, high fructose corn syrup, rice, corn, potatoes, wheat, etc.
• We consume about 160 pounds per year per person in the United States and in other industrialized countries.

Galactose

• Galactose is readily available in our diets. 
• It is obtained from the conversion of lactose (milk sugar) and  from dairy products and some vegetables.
• We consume around 30-50 pounds per year per person.

Fucose

• Fucose is NOT readily available in our diets.
• It is found in breast milk, astragalus herb and in several medicinal mushrooms. It has numerous well-documented benefits for our immune systems.
• Fucose has been shown to inhibit some cancer growth & metastasis.

Mannose

• Mannose is NOT readily available in our diets.
• The most popular source is Aloe vera. It must be properly standardized as it is not stable before it can be used.
• It plays a profound role in cellular interactions and has also been shown to lower blood sugars levels.
• It is absolutely vital to proper immune defenses against microbial invaders and has a natural, powerful anti-inflammatory effect.

Xylose

• Xylose is NOT readily available in our diets.
• The sugar alcohol form is often seen in sugarless gums and candies. It is “sweet” but doesn’t raise your blood sugar levels or cause tooth decay.
• It has recently been added to nasal sprays and appears to discourage the binding of allergens and pathogens to mucous membranes.
• It also has known anti-bacterial and fungal properties and may help to prevent certain cancers.

N-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid (or Sialic Acid)

• N-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid is NOT readily available in our diets.
• It is another sugar that abounds in breast milk.
• It dramatically impacts brain function and growth.
• N-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid also modulates immune function and has documented anti-viral actions.
• The ability to digest this sugar is impaired in certain diseases.

N-Acetyl-Glucosamine

• N-Acetyl-Glucosamine is NOT readily available in our diets.
• It is particularly beneficial for cartilage regeneration and joint inflammation.
• It has many more therapeutic effects.
• Deficiencies or malfunctions of this sugar have been linked to diseases of the bowel.

N-Acetyl-Galactosamine

• N-Acetyl-Galactosamine is NOT readily available in our diets.
• It is the least known of the 8 essential monosaccharides.
• It appears to inhibit the growth of some tumors and like the other sugars, plays an individual role in keeping cellular messages clear & properly delivered.